“Do You Not Know That We Will Judge Angels?” What Paul Assumes about a Common Eschatology
Divine Council, Eschatology Anthony Delgado Divine Council, Eschatology Anthony Delgado

“Do You Not Know That We Will Judge Angels?” What Paul Assumes about a Common Eschatology

In 1 Corinthians 6:3, Paul asks, “Do you not know that we will judge angels?” When read from the Divine Council worldview (DCW) perspective, the question tugs at several biblical-theological threads that influence the view of Christ’s people in the eschaton and their participation in divine governance. As Paul’s rhetorical question indicates, followers of Christ will, in some way, participate in the final judgment of angels, understood under the DCW as fallen spiritual beings (the consummation of the Psalm 82 judgment as revisited in Revelation 20:11-15). Scripture presents the saints as co-rulers with Christ, as seen in Revelation 2:26-27, where Jesus declares, “The one who conquers and who keeps my works until the end, to him I will give authority over the nations.” Likewise, Revelation 5:10 affirms that those belonging to Christ will be made “a kingdom and priests to our God, and they shall reign on the earth.” Paul assumes a seemingly general knowledge of the day, that “believers, having been exalted with Christ who rules over all powers, will play a role in the final judgment of those powers.”

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The Divine Council Worldview (DCW)
Michael Heiser Anthony Delgado Michael Heiser Anthony Delgado

The Divine Council Worldview (DCW)

The Divine Council Worldview (DCW) posits that a heavenly assembly of spiritual beings exists under the authority of the supreme God, both ordering the cosmos and human destiny. Its origins are seen in ancient Near Eastern religions such as Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Canaanite, and Hittite traditions, which depicted divine assemblies governing the world. The Bible engages with this worldview, describing God’s appointment of the nations to spiritual rulers, their subsequent rebellion, and God’s ultimate judgment over them. Key themes include the reality of lesser elohim, the hierarchy of heavenly beings, and the compatibility of the DCW with biblical monotheism. Ultimately, the Scriptures use divine council language to demonstrate Yahweh’s unrivaled supremacy over all spiritual powers.

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